Japanese learners can feel confronted by a vast array of strange sentence endings – n desu, na no desu, na n desu etc.
Complicated as they may feel they are actually very easy once you know how they work. However there are two little facts you need to know that the textbooks don’t tend to tell you.
Once you have them, you can understand all these endings and a lot more with no difficulty at all.
I hope you will enjoy this video that explains everything you need to know about n desu, no desu, na no desu and all their happy and much-simpler-than-they-seem cousins!
NOTE
In the video
母が来る haha ga kuru
Is translated as “mother is coming”. I think it is clear from context but I should state that this means “mother is coming” as in “mother is coming tomorrow” or “mother is coming later today” – not “mother is (now) in the act of coming” which would be
For the present Alice in Kanji Land is only available from Amazon. This is the US link; the book is also available from Amazon sites in other countries.
Alice in Kanji Land gives you a new, fun, and scientific way to learn kanji.
Up until now kanji books have used methods dating back centuries.
Alice in Kanji Land brings kanji learning into the 21st century, teaching kanji in the form of a narrative structurally linked to an SRS deck (included free) that will cement the kanji into your long-term memory with an algorithm based on the brain’s learning process.
It also teaches kanji not as abstractions but as part of the organic whole of language, making them easier to grasp and retain.
Using Alice in Kanji Land in conjunction with the deck (about 15 minutes per day) you will not just learn all the kanji needed for JLPT level 5 (all first-grade kanji and a substantial portion of second-grade kanji) together with quite a lot of vocabulary.
You will also learn
The radicals and underlying construction principles that will make it far easier to learn more kanji in future.
The ways in which kanji fit together in themselves and the ways in which they align with other kanji and kana to form words.
The principles behind the ways they are pronounced in different circumstances.
Learning kanji not as abstract isolates but as part of an organic whole turns an exercise in brute-force memorization into something more logical and easily graspable.
And if this all sounds a bit abstract – well, actually it’s fun. This is an Alice book after all…
Kanji as Character and Adventure
The age-old technique of making kanji into story-pictures is brought up to date by integrating it with an Alice in Wonderland storyline that makes encounters with the Kanji memorable and engages the emotional responses as well as intellectual ones (extremely important for memory).
We chose Alice not just because she’s cute. Also because the crazy logic and punning nature of the Alice books is exactly suited to the kind of thinking needed to make kanji mnemonics.
You can read the story without putting too much effort into memorizing the kanji.
Because the Alice in Kanji Land SRS deck will handle memorization for you.
The back of each card has extensive reminders of the story’s mnemonic elements in the notes after the answer. So you can refresh your memory by reminding yourself of the story as often as you need to.
After a while the story will drop into the background and the words will become second nature.
In accordance with our philosophy, there are no “abstract kanji” cards. The front of every card is a real word that has been introduced in the book, incorporating one or more kanji also introduced in the book.
The back of the card gives you the meaning and pronunciation of the word on the front. The word is spoken aloud by the card (well, you know how cards are in Alice) as well as being written.
Below the meaning and definition are notes reminding you of the mnemonic elements of the story. You can use these as much or as little as you need them.
In this video Cure Dolly herself explains Alice in Kanji Land and how it brings kanji learning into the 21st Century
This week’s new video is on desu/da. One of the earliest and simplest things we learn.
However, I have seen people at JLPT N3 level and beyond getting into trouble with more complex sentences simply because they have never learned what da/desu really does.
As so often, the textbook explanations don’t make it properly clear.
Actually some of them do tell you, in passing, the technical term that would give you the key to the mystery.
But then they don’t explain that term properly and carry on with the usual rough-and-ready dumbed-down explanations that leave your Japanese understanding like a poorly-built building that will come down when a strong wind blows.
So is this going to be some complicated technical explanation that the textbooks don’t tell you because it’s too difficult?
Not at all! It’s very simple and straightforward. In fact, it’s easier than what they do tell you. And once you know it your understanding of the da/desu function will be as solid as a rock.
This is part of a mini-series or “story arc” (heh heh) within the current sequence of videos, because part of the confusion is intertwined with the way i- and na-adjectives aren’t properly explained (one of my earliest grammar articles which I made into a video last week) and will lead on to a discussion of “na no desu” and related constructions in videos to come.
So if you need more desu (and who doesn’t?) watch this video now.
Supporting videos:
For more information on the concepts in this video, please see:
One of the problems with textbook Japanese is that they treat Japanese grammar as if it were a series of random, unconnected “points” when really it is an organic, beautiful and amazingly logical whole (much more so than European grammars, including English).
In fact, I think it is because they expect language to be complicated and random, like European languages, that they treat Japanese as if it were so, and thus make it so for the poor learner.
Da/desu fits together with everything else in basic Japanese to make a rounded whole.
Yomichan in action: making the Japanese Web readable
UPDATE 2021: Rikaichamp is now called 10ten. You can find the Firefox version here.
Rikaisama has finally passed away, but Yomichan and Rikaichamp are waiting in the wings to take over the crown.
You will still be able to read unknown kanji and get instant definitions and deconjugations on almost any web-page.
And fortunately, just like Rikaisama before them, they are both free.
We always recommended Rikaisama on this site. Its amazing functionality – especially its ability to seamlessly create Anki cards with one click, made it far and away the best contender for the serious learner of Japanese. So it is with regret that we report that the application no longer works with the latest Firefox upgrade (it was always Firefox-only and by itself made Firefox the browser of choice for serious Japanese immersionists).
The new Rikaisama alternatives are Yomichan and Rikaichamp. The more modestly named Yomichan is clearly the more powerful of the two. It does most of the things Rikaisama did and a few that it didn’t.
Which Rikaisama alternative is best for you? Rikaichamp is the simpler of the two. If you were a Rikaichan user and Rikaichan was adequate for your needs, then Rikaichamp will give you a seamless transition to an almost identical experience.
You won’t have the lookup bar (assuming you ever used it) and there is less customization (you are stuck with the pop-up window in blue, for example).
However, these are minor issues and if you want to continue with Rikaichan then Rikaichamp is the way to go.
Yomichan
However, if you need the functionality of Rikaisama you really have only one choice. Yomichan.
So all in all, Yomichan is a sleeker and more robust version of Rikaisama. We are very lucky to have it waiting in the wings just as our beloved Rikaisama goes down. So what’s not to like?
Frankly, I think most people are going to be 100% happy with Yomichan.
However, I miss Rikaisama and I know that a number of other serious Japanese immersionists feel the same.
Why? It’s not just sentiment. There are a few of Rikaisama’s features that Yomichan doesn’t have, and one of them is a serious blow for me (and not only me).
That feature is Rikaisama’s Sanseido mode, which allowed one to get Japanese–Japanese definitions taken from Sanseido’s simplified online dictionary. When in Sanseido mode one’s automatic Anki cards had J–J definitions.
Can anything like this be done with Yomichan? Well, yes. Like Rikaisama, Yomichan allows the import of selected J–J EPwing dictionaries (and unlike Rikaisama it actually works).
There are two problems here. The first is that EPwing dictionaries are not very easy to get hold of. Yomichan doesn’t include them in its downloadable dictionaries as they are proprietary products.
The second problem is that even having solved the first problem, I found the definitions much less satisfactory than the simple Sanseido ones. For an Anki deck I prefer a brief to-the-point definition, which I then turn into audio with the Anki TTS plugin.
In fact, I sometimes end up pasting in a definition from the Sanseido site, which slightly undermines the whole automation concept.
I have had some discussion with Yomichan’s developer on the subject. He says that the “web scraping” involved in the Sanseido mode is technically difficult and inherently unstable. I am sure he is right. Rikaisama’s Sanseido mode could certainly be flaky and not always available. But it worked most of the time.
He also is of the opinion that only “hard core” learners use J–J definitions. Here I have to disagree. I think any serious immersion learner will graduate to J–J definitions at some point. And it can be done in less drastic ways that make the transition painless.
In short, I think J–J definitions were part of the core functionality of Rikaisama. I know beginners don’t need them. I also know that a lot of more advanced learners never graduate to them, but that is part of what is wrong with the whole non-organic non-immersionist “studying not living the language” approach. In my humble opinion.
So should you be using Yomichan? If you are a serious immersionist, absolutely you should.
If you were happy with Rikaichan, then Rikaichamp will serve your needs near-perfectly. However, if you use Anki you might still want to take a serious look at Yomichan.
If J–J definitions don’t matter to you, then Yomichan is a step up from Rikaisama. Not a vast step up. Most of its functionality is pretty much the same, but it does everything more robustly and generally it is a polished, high-class piece of software.
Despite my criticism on that one point, I want to go on record as both congratulating and thanking Foosoft for a truly splendid creation.
Without Yomichan, the life of the serious, slightly-advanced immersionist would have become significantly harder with the loss of Rikaisama.
As it is, it has become just a little bit harder.
And the life of the pre-J–J immersionist has become just a little bit easier.
Finally, whether you are installing Yomichan or Rikaichamp, I recommend doing it through Firefox’s add-ons management system (just go to Add-ons and search what you want to install) – or the Chrome equivalent (both are available on Chrome). Almost all once-reliable download services like Softpedia and Softonic have sold out and now often include unwanted bits of nasty that don’t do your computer any good. So please always download via your browser’s add-on manager or from the actual developer’s site.
The “suffering passive” or “adversity passive” is one of the weirder notions that the Western version of “Japanese grammar” foists on us.
According to the textbooks, Japanese people, for some quite inexplicable reason, lapse into the passive voice in order to complain or lament about some event.
They don’t.
As we have explained before, there is no passive in Japanese, at least not in the sense of the English “passive voice”. It is the insistence that the Japanese ukemi (receptive form) is “passive” that leads to this odd notion of a “suffering passive”.
What is actually happening in the meiwaku ukemi (nuisance receptive – the accurate Japanese term for the “adversity passive”) is much simpler and actually is something that English speakers also do all the time – although it isn’t considered to be correct grammar in English.
Once you know this, you can forget the Byzantine explanations of European-language-based “Japanese grammar” and see the nuisance-receptive form as it really is – simple, logical and easily intuitive.
Watch this seven-minute video and stop suffering passively forever!
‘Cause dolls do what doctorates don’t.
Notes:
This video unpacks pretty deeply the confusing tangle that is Western “Japanese grammar”. The “suffering passive” misconception is born out of three other misconceptions. I think this video works on its own but you may need some help (and it certainly would be a good idea anyway, to dispel the other three.
So I am listing the three underlying misconceptions and giving links to the lessons that clear them up.
Sorry for all these links! I do think the video above is understandable by itself but it is based on unpacking the whole misguided structure of Europeanized “Japanese grammar”.
And this is something you are going to want to see for yourself if you want to make the whole of Japanese grammar – not just the “suffering passive” – as simple as it really is.
Te iru, te aru, te iku and te kuru are among the most commonly used constructions in Japanese.
Once you’ve learned how to make and recognize the te-form (made super easy in our last video lesson) you’ll want to start using it. It isn’t difficult and the textbooks don’t do a bad job of teaching it.
But…
They do tend to omit telling you the rationale behind how it all works, and that makes life harder.
Why do they do it? In this case I think it’s because they don’t want to burden students with “something extra to learn” – but that something is what makes it all hang logically together.
So it’s a bit like making people carry the shopping home without a bag because the bag would be “something extra to carry”.
Yes it would – but it’s the something that makes carrying the rest easier!
It’s not a huge deal in this case (the way it is in some of the grammar taught in this series) but if you know, for example why te iru (meaning “be”) is used the way it is, and what is the logic behind using te aru in place of te iru, it makes it a lot easier to know what you are doing instinctively rather than just trying to remember abstract “rules”.
More importantly, by learning it logically and organically we start to get a grasp of the way Japanese, unlike Western languages, fits together in various ways like so many very regular, very logical lego-blocks.
So let’s devote 8 minutes to learning just how te iru, te aru, te iku and te kuru really work!
Notes:
1. One other irregularity (apart from kuru and suru) is iku which is irregular in te-form only (it is itte instead of iite). This really is the only other irregularity you will encounter in basic Japanese.
2. Why do we say akete aru when we say aite iru? This is because logically te aru can only be used with transitive verbs while te iru can be used with both intransitive and transitive ones (but tends to favor intransitive).
Our article on transitive and intransitive verbs makes this much easier. But if you’re a beginner don’t worry about it too much yet. All you need to know is that 開く means open (as in “the door is open) while 開ける means opening something (as in “I opened the door”).
Te aru needs a transitive verb because it is always stressing that somebody caused the state something is in. Te iru doesn’t and is happy with either. If this is all gobbledegook to you, don’t worry. You’ll get to it as your Japanese level advances.
Do you have trouble pronouncing small tsu in Japanese?
If so, this three-minute video will solve your problem!
Yes, just a quickie from the KawaJapa Cure Dolly TV channel this week, but one that answers a question I am often asked.
The 促音 sokuon or small tsu is a sound that worries people because there seems to be no equivalent in English
The Japanese word literally means “stimulated sound”, presumably because the consonant following the small tsu is intensified or semi-doubled.
Semi-doubled sounds weird, doesn’t it? Shouldn’t that logically mean “singled” or left as it is?
Ahem. What I mean is that while it is said to be doubled that isn’t quite what is happening when we pronounce it. Luckily, what is happening is very simple and is in fact a sound that we all make in English from time to time.
Once we understand that, small tsu becomes very easy.
Containers in action. Note the green underlined tabs for English activity (click to expand image)
If you are serious about Japanese immersion, you will have noticed something. Japanese content starts popping up unasked on your computer.
It’s a fact of life that your online life is tracked by various agents in various ways. If you use Japanese a lot, if your YouTube account is with YouTube JP rather than your local one (it should be, and it’s easy to do), if you use Japanese-Japanese online dictionaries and read NHK News Easy (to take a few examples), you start getting Japanese ads and other content served to you whether you wanted them or not.
This is obviously a good thing for immersion. You want things to be this way. You want to keep your Japanese bubble as complete as possible. However, if you sometimes browse in English you will get more English language content served to you. The more you use Japanese the more Japanese content you get and vice versa. If you exclusively browse in Japanese and use Japanese services your Japanese unsought content will become dominant.
But you may have to use quite a lot of English. Or at least a certain amount. This is where Multi-Account Containers for the new Firefox comes in.
To be honest, I have been using this technique for a long time and I did it by using different browsers. I use Chrome for English webbing (for example, writing this article) and Firefox for my everyday Japanese immersion life.
This works and you can use this method if you like. However, Firefox Multi-Account Containers let you run as many accounts as you like without switching browsers. The cookies generated by one account are boxed off from the others so there is no spillover from one set of activities to another.
A geeky (and well-organized) friend of mine has her different activities all neatly packaged up with multi-account containers. I will never be that well organized. However, one can also do it in a very simple way.
What I do is this:
At the simplest, just make an English container. Any English browsing/consuming/creating you do, you do in an English container tab (the tab itself will be color-coded so you can keep track easily).
That’s all. For my general Japanese online life I don’t even need to use a container. Just make sure the English stuff is packed away in a box where it doesn’t affect everything else.
Make the English container your default container and then when you visit an English site check “always open in default container” in the Containers toolbar. From then on that site will always open in your English box and won’t contaminate your Japanese immersion life.
You may also want to make a separate box for financials (PayPal etc) to make them a bit less vulnerable to hacking from all the strange sites you visit. But that’s another question.
The te-form of verbs is one of the more difficult parts of Japanese because it really is a small set of “facts” that you have to learn.
Most of what gets presented as the random “gotta-learn-em-all” facts of Japanese grammar actually aren’t that at all. They are part of a logical system that the textbooks never teach and I have explained the real secrets in my book Unlocking Japanese and in various articles and video-lessons.
However, the te-form of verbs is one exception in that there really are six different forms depending on how the verb ends, which you just have to know.
Mendokusai (Japanese for “pain in the petunia”), ne?
Fortunately it can be made a lot easier.
In this video I give a simple mind-map with mnemonics that will allow you to dominate the te-form in a very short time. The video is under 8 minutes and you may want to watch it a couple of times. But you should have the te-form of verbs conquered for life in under an hour!
Notes (and advice):
There are just three notable exceptions to the system presented here. They are Japan’s famous two irregular verbs kuru and suru, plus iku, “go”. Iku, instead of becoming the slightly awkward-sounding iite becomes itte. They work like this:
する （suru）→ して (shite)
来る （くる kuru） → 来て （きて kite）
行く （いく iku）→ 行って （いって itte）
Even though I mention these for completeness, I don’t recommend “learning” them now unless it feels easy.
My advice is, if these three feel confusing, just ignore them for now. Don’t let the whole system feel over-complex for the sake of these three. Consolidate the overall system in your mind. You will easily pick up the few exceptions over time.
A lot of people stay shaky on the te-form of verbs for a long time (especially recognizing it on the fly). With this system you can master the whole structure in a very short time.
Japanese learners can feel confronted by a vast array of strange sentence endings – n desu, na no desu, na n desu etc.
The te-form of verbs is one of the more difficult parts of Japanese because it really is a small set of “facts” that you have to learn.